In 2025, Bangladesh stands at a crossroads regarding digital freedoms. The government’s increasing control over social media platforms has sparked debates about the balance between national security and individual rights. This article delves into the current state of social media censorship in Bangladesh, analyzing recent developments, legal frameworks, and the broader implications for freedom of expression.(PEN International)
The Rise of Social Media in Bangladesh
As of early 2025, Bangladesh boasts approximately 60 million active social media users, accounting for over 34% of the population . Platforms like Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and TikTok have become integral to daily life, serving as primary sources of information, communication, and civic engagement. However, this surge in digital activity has also led to increased scrutiny and regulation by the government.(DataReportal – Global Digital Insights)
Government Regulations and Censorship Measures
1. Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025
In December 2025, Bangladesh’s interim government approved the draft Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025, aiming to replace the controversial Cyber Security Act of 2023 . While the new ordinance seeks to address digital security concerns, critics argue that it grants excessive powers to law enforcement agencies, potentially leading to increased surveillance and censorship .(Tech Policy Press, Global Network Initiative)
2. Personal Data Protection Ordinance, 2025
Simultaneously, the government introduced the Personal Data Protection Ordinance, 2025, to regulate the collection and use of personal data by digital platforms . While the ordinance aims to safeguard privacy, human rights organizations caution that it may be used to justify broader surveillance measures and restrict online expression .(PEN International)
Internet Shutdowns and Access Restrictions
In 2024, Bangladesh witnessed significant internet blackouts, particularly during periods of political unrest. The government imposed nationwide internet shutdowns to curb the spread of information and suppress protests . These actions not only disrupted communication but also had severe economic repercussions, with estimates suggesting a loss of up to $10 billion .(Wikipedia, LinkedIn)
Impact on Journalism and Freedom of Expression
The tightening grip on digital platforms has had a profound impact on journalism in Bangladesh. Numerous journalists have faced harassment, legal challenges, and even imprisonment for their reporting . The revocation of press credentials for over 160 journalists and the targeting of media outlets critical of the government underscore the deteriorating press freedom landscape .(TBS News, Wikipedia)
Public Response and Resistance
Despite stringent regulations, the Bangladeshi public has found ways to circumvent censorship. The use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) has surged, allowing users to access blocked platforms and share information freely . Additionally, grassroots movements and online activism continue to challenge the status quo, highlighting the resilience of civil society in the face of repression.
International Reactions and Human Rights Concerns
International organizations have expressed concern over the erosion of digital freedoms in Bangladesh. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have called on the government to uphold international human rights standards and protect freedom of expression . The United Nations has also urged Bangladesh to refrain from imposing restrictions that violate the free flow of information .(Amnesty International, LinkedIn)
Future Outlook
Looking ahead, the trajectory of social media censorship in Bangladesh will depend on several factors, including political developments, public advocacy, and international pressure. While the government’s efforts to regulate digital platforms may continue, the persistent demand for digital rights and freedoms suggests a potential for reform and greater accountability.
Conclusion
In 2025, Bangladesh faces a critical juncture in its approach to social media and digital freedoms. While the government’s regulatory measures aim to address security concerns, they also pose significant challenges to freedom of expression and access to information. The ongoing dialogue between the state, civil society, and international actors will be pivotal in shaping the future of digital rights in Bangladesh.