How a 240-mile Walk Changed India’s Freedom Struggle Forever
The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, is one of the most iconic episodes in India’s fight for independence. It marked a non-violent act of civil disobedience against British colonial rule, challenging the oppressive salt tax imposed by the British government.
This 24-day, 240-mile journey was more than just a march to the sea — it was a symbolic and strategic act that galvanized millions of Indians to join the freedom movement. In this article, we present a step-by-step breakdown of Gandhi’s Salt March, detailing the preparations, journey, key events, and its lasting impact.
Background: Why the Salt March?
The British salt tax was a highly unpopular law that made it illegal for Indians to collect or sell salt independently, forcing them to buy it from the government at high prices. Salt was an essential daily commodity, and the tax affected every Indian household, especially the poor.
- Gandhi chose salt as the symbol of defiance because it affected everyone, regardless of class or region.
- The Salt March was planned as a direct challenge to British authority and an effort to unite Indians in peaceful protest.
Step 1: Planning the March
The Salt March was meticulously planned by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress:
- The idea was announced publicly on March 2, 1930.
- Gandhi selected 78 trusted followers to accompany him on the march.
- The route was carefully chosen from Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad to the coastal village of Dandi in Gujarat, about 240 miles away.
- The march was designed to gain maximum public attention and to inspire civil disobedience across the country.
Step 2: The Start of the March – March 12, 1930
- Gandhi and his followers began the march from the Sabarmati Ashram early on March 12.
- The group was small, but news of the march spread rapidly across India.
- Along the way, more people joined Gandhi’s followers, increasing the numbers significantly.
- The march proceeded at a slow pace, covering roughly 10 to 15 miles each day, allowing Gandhi to stop in villages and towns, giving speeches, and encouraging people to join the movement.
Step 3: Daily Routine During the March
Each day of the Salt March followed a disciplined schedule:
- Gandhi and his followers woke up early and walked together.
- Villagers and supporters gathered to hear Gandhi speak about civil disobedience, non-violence, and self-reliance.
- Gandhi emphasized the moral and political significance of breaking the salt laws.
- The marchers often rested under trees or in local homes, spreading the message of independence.
Step 4: Reaching Dandi – April 5, 1930
After 24 days of walking through towns and villages, Gandhi finally reached the coastal village of Dandi on April 5, 1930.
- Upon arrival, Gandhi walked to the seashore.
- He picked up a lump of natural salt from the beach, symbolically breaking the British salt laws.
- This simple act was an open act of defiance against British monopoly and sparked immediate nationwide civil disobedience.
Step 5: The Aftermath – Nationwide Uprising
Gandhi’s act inspired millions of Indians to follow suit:
- People across India started making salt illegally.
- Salt production became a form of protest, spreading to coastal areas and inland regions.
- The British government responded with mass arrests, including Gandhi himself.
- However, the movement had gained unstoppable momentum, involving people from all walks of life.
Step 6: International Attention and Impact
The Salt March attracted global media coverage:
- Newspapers worldwide reported on Gandhi’s march and the Indian resistance.
- It showcased the power of non-violent civil disobedience as a political tool.
- The event increased pressure on the British government and highlighted the legitimacy of Indian demands for independence.
Step 7: Legacy of the Salt March
The Salt March was a turning point in India’s freedom struggle:
- It united Indians across regions, religions, and social classes.
- It proved the effectiveness of non-violent protest.
- It strengthened the Indian National Congress’s leadership under Gandhi.
- Inspired future civil rights movements globally, including Martin Luther King Jr.’s campaigns in the USA.
Key Facts About Gandhi’s Salt March
- Duration: 24 days
- Distance: Approximately 240 miles (390 km)
- Start Point: Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad
- End Point: Dandi, Gujarat
- Participants: Gandhi plus 78 followers initially, with thousands joining later
- Significance: Protest against British salt tax and colonial rule
Why the Salt March Still Matters Today
- It symbolizes peaceful resistance against injustice.
- It reminds us that ordinary people can challenge powerful regimes through unity and non-violence.
- It serves as a lesson for movements seeking social and political change worldwide.
Conclusion: Gandhi’s Salt March — A Journey That Changed History
Gandhi’s Salt March was more than a physical journey; it was a powerful political statement that shook the foundations of British rule in India. The careful planning, the slow yet determined walk, and the symbolic breaking of the salt law united a nation and set the stage for India’s eventual independence in 1947.
By understanding the step-by-step breakdown of the Salt March, we appreciate how courage, strategy, and unity can bring about profound change.
FAQs About Gandhi’s Salt March
1. Why did Gandhi choose salt as the symbol for protest?
Because salt was essential to everyone, and the British salt tax affected the poorest Indians the most.
2. How long did the Salt March last?
The march lasted 24 days, covering about 240 miles.
3. What happened after Gandhi broke the salt law at Dandi?
Mass civil disobedience spread across India, with people making salt illegally and British authorities arresting protestors.
4. Did the Salt March achieve immediate independence for India?
No, but it significantly advanced the freedom movement and increased international support for India’s cause.
5. How is the Salt March remembered today?
As a landmark event symbolizing peaceful protest and the power of collective action.